Россия
Россия
Россия
Россия
Россия
ГРНТИ 27.01 Общие вопросы математики
ГРНТИ 31.01 Общие вопросы химии
ГРНТИ 34.01 Общие вопросы биологии
The article presents the analysis of influence of neurodynamic and personal features on the safety and reliability of driving. An analysis of a number of accidents (road accidents) was performed, the psychophysiological diagnostics included the assessment of the main properties of the nervous system, psychodynamic characteristics and personal features according to the scales of the MMPI questionnaire. Data on 608 people characterizing the functional condition of the nervous system, the personal and psychodynamic features allowing to distinguish three groups have been studied: The 1st group is the drivers who have not violated the traffic rules; the 2nd group is the drivers who have violated the trafflc rules once during the year; the 3rd group is the drivers who have violated the traffic rules 4 or more times. Among the indicators characterizing neurodynamic functions the most reliable distinctions in the operability of a brain and degrees of expressiveness of exciting and inhibitory processes and motive and coordination sensomotor reactions have been found. These results are important when developing the approaches concerning safe behavior on the roads, and also when organizing work and optimizing the process of training of future motor vehicle drivers.
Neurodynamic and personal features, drivers, trafic safety
1. 1. Bodrov V.A. and Orlov V.L. Psikhologiya i nadezhnost’: chelovek v sistemakh upravleniya tekhnikoy [Psychology and reliability: the person in control systems of technology]. Moscow, 1998, 218 p.
2. 2. Zhirkov R.A. Razrabotka i obosnovanie metoda professional’nogo otbora voditeley gorodskogo passazhirskogo transporta. Dis. kand. tekhn. nauk [Development and justification of the method of professional selection of drivers of municipal passenger transport. Thesis of Candidate of Technical Sciences]. Volgograd, 2005. 180 p.
3. 3. Ivanov V.N. Osnovy bezopasnogo vozhdeniya [Safe driving fundamentals]. Moscow: AST Profizdat Publ., 2005. 96 p.
4. 4. Ignatov N.A. Chelovek za rulem [The person at the wheel]. Moscow: Transport Publ., 1971. 126 p.
5. 5. Kotik M.A. Besedy psikhologa o bezopasnosti dorozhnogo dvizheniya [The psychologist’s conversations about traffic safety]. Moscow: Transport Publ., 1987. 85 p.
6. 6. Lakin G.F. Biometriya [Biometry]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola Publ., 1990. 350 p.
7. 7. Mileshkina N.D. Vyyavlenie i preduprezhdenie sluchaev upravleniya transportnymi sredstvami v sostoyanii op’yaneniya [Identification and the prevention of cases of driving under influence]. Informatsionnyy byulleten’ GU GIBDD MVD Rossii [Newsletter of Head Department of State Trafic Safety Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia], 2000, no. 10, pp. 16-19 (26), pp. 16-18.
8. 8. Mishurin V.M. and Romanov A.I. Nadezhnost’ voditelya i bezopasnost’ dvizheniya [Reliability of the driver and trafic safety]. Moscow: Transport Publ., 1990. 167 p.
9. 9. Romanov A.N. Avtotransportnaya psikhologiya: uchebnoe posobie dlya studentov vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy [Motor transportation psychology: manual for students of higher educational institutions]. Moscow: Akademiya Publ., 2002. 214 p.
10. 10. Frumkin A.A. Psikhologicheskiy otbor v professional’noy i obrazovatel’noy deyatel’nosti [Psychological selection in professional and educational activity]. St. Petersburg: Rech’ Publ., 2004. 240 p.
11. 11. Shamsutdinova L.R. Pokazateli psikhofiziologicheskogo sostoyaniya, kharakternye dlya voditeley avtotransporta, i dopolnitel’nye faktory riska, vliyayushchie na nadezhnost’ truda. Avtoref. dis. kand. biol. nauk [Indicators of psychophysiological state, characteristic for drivers of motor vehicles, and additional risk factors, affecting the reliability of labour. Abstract of the thesis of Candidate of Biological Sciences]. Tartu Publ.: Tartu state university, 1988. 22 p.
12. 12. Dee T.S., Grabowski D.C., and Morrisey M.A. Graduated driver licensing and teen trafic fatalities. Journal of Health Economics, 2005, vol. 24, iss. 3, pp. 571-589. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2004.09.013.
13. 13. Inoue Y., Ito M., Kurihara M., and Morimoto K. Epilepsy and driving in Japan. Epilepsia, 2004, vol. 45, iss. 12, pp. 1630-1635. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.t01-1-17304.x.
14. 14. Zhao J.Y., Zhong R., Zhao Y., and Hao L.F. Analysis of Draiver`s adaptability of Stress response in dangerous situation. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2013, vol. 96, pp. 2173-2178. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.245.
15. 15. Kumar D., Maelnotra L., and Jerath I. Speed and accuracy as a function of personality. Psychological Belgica, 1986, vol. 26, no 2, pp. 227-233.
16. 16. Liang Y. and Lee J. A hybrid Bayesian Network approach to detect driver cognitive distraction. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2014, vol. 38, pp. 146-155. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2013.10.004. (accessed January 2014).
17. 17. Paisey I.H. The diffuse thalamocortical system and Pavlovian theoru - let/sleeping dogs lie. Personality and Individual Dierences, 1983, vol. 4, no 5, pp. 527-534. Available at: http://www.visio-moralis.co.uk/mind_and_brain/publications/pdf_files/Paper3_TheDiffuseThalamocortical.pdf.
