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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Dairy industry</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Dairy industry</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Молочная промышленность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1019-8946</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">86480</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21603/1019-8946-2024-4-6</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Научная статья</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Research Article</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Научная статья</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Efficient Whey Demineralization: Methods and Optimization</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Эффективность деминерализации молочной сыворотки: анализ методов и оптимизация их использования</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Володин</surname>
       <given-names>Дмитрий Николаевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Volodin</surname>
       <given-names>Dmitry N.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>info@dmprocess.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Топалов</surname>
       <given-names>Виктор Константинович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Topalov</surname>
       <given-names>Victor K.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>info@dmprocess.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Куликова</surname>
       <given-names>Ирина Кирилловна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kulikova</surname>
       <given-names>Irina K.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5396-1548</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Евдокимов</surname>
       <given-names>Иван Алексеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Evdokimov</surname>
       <given-names>Ivan A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ievdokimov@ncfu.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Хазов</surname>
       <given-names>Дмитрий Сергеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Khazov</surname>
       <given-names>Dmitry S.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Сорокин</surname>
       <given-names>Кирилл Юрьевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Sorokin</surname>
       <given-names>Kirill Yu.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «ДМП»</institution>
     <city>Ставрополь</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">LLC &quot;DMP&quot;</institution>
     <city>Stavropol</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «ДМП»</institution>
     <city>Ставрополь</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">LLC &quot;DMP&quot;</institution>
     <city>Stavropol</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «ДМП»</institution>
     <city>Ставрополь</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">LLC &quot;DMP&quot;</institution>
     <city>Stavropol</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">North-Caucasus Federal University</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет</institution>
     <city>Ставрополь</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">North-Caucasus federal university</institution>
     <city>Stavropol</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет</institution>
     <city>Ставрополь</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">North-Caucasus federal university</institution>
     <city>Stavropol</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-08-15T10:08:30+03:00">
    <day>15</day>
    <month>08</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-08-15T10:08:30+03:00">
    <day>15</day>
    <month>08</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>50</fpage>
   <lpage>55</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-07-15T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>15</day>
     <month>07</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-07-30T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>30</day>
     <month>07</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://moloprom.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/article/86480/view">https://moloprom.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/article/86480/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Деминерализованная молочная сыворотка, благодаря улучшенным органолептическим свойствам, занимает важное место на рынке пищевых ингредиентов, так как используется в широком спектре пищевых продуктов, включая детское питание. С учетом растущего спроса на здоровое питание, развитие рынка функциональных продуктов и увеличения общего потребления молочных продуктов, развитие новых технологий обработки сыворотки обеспечивает еще более широкие возможности для производства ценных продуктов на ее основе. Статья посвящена современным методам деминерализации молочной сыворотки, применяемым в молочной промышленности. Рассматриваются три основных метода: нанофильтрация, электродиализ и ионообмен, с описанием их преимуществ и недостатков. Нанофильтрация, характеризующаяся низкой селективностью к одновалентным ионам, позволяет частично деминерализовать и концентрировать молочную сыворотку. Электродиализ, электромембранный процесс, который использует электрическое поле для разделения ионов из раствора, обладает более высокой эффективностью удаления минеральных веществ и позволяет достигать 90 % уровня деминерализации. Эффективность электродиализа зависит от типа ионов, их концентрации и свойств мембран. Высокая концентрация двухвалентных ионов может привести к замедлению процесса и увеличению продолжительности обработки. Метод ионообмена основан на использовании ионообменных смол – полимерных материалов с функциональными группами, которые могут связываться с ионами (катионами или анионами) в растворе и обменивать свои собственные ионы на ионы из раствора. Также проанализированы варианты сочетания методов деминерализации молочной сыворотки, основанные на типе используемого сырья и требованиях, предъявляемых к готовому продукту.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Demineralized whey has good sensory and functional properties. As a result, it is important on the global market of food ingredients. Demineralized whey is part of numerous formulations, including baby food. As healthy diets and functional foods get more popular, the overall consumption of dairy products continues to grow. New whey processing technologies open greater opportunities for products with increased value. The review features modern industrial methods of whey demineralization, i.e., nanofiltration, electrodialysis, and ion exchange, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Nanofiltration has low selectivity for monovalent ions, which means it provides only partial demineralization and concentration. Electrodialysis is an electromembrane process that separates ions from a solution with the help of electric field. It is more effective in removing minerals and provides 90% demineralization. However, its efficiency depends on the type of ions, their concentration, and membrane properties. High concentrations of divalent ions slow demineralization down and increase the processing time. The ion exchange method involves exchange resins, i.e., polymeric materials with functional groups that can bind to ions (cations or anions) in the solution and exchange ions. Different whey demineralization methods can be combined based on the type of raw materials and final product.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>молочная сыворотка</kwd>
    <kwd>деминерализация</kwd>
    <kwd>уровень деминерализации</kwd>
    <kwd>нанофильтрация</kwd>
    <kwd>электродиализ</kwd>
    <kwd>ионообмен</kwd>
    <kwd>микрофильтрация</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>whey</kwd>
    <kwd>demineralization</kwd>
    <kwd>demineralization level</kwd>
    <kwd>nanofiltration</kwd>
    <kwd>electrodialysis</kwd>
    <kwd>ion exchange</kwd>
    <kwd>microfiltration</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
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