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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Food Processing: Techniques and Technology</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Food Processing: Techniques and Technology</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Техника и технология пищевых производств</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2074-9414</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2313-1748</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">80843</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21603/2074-9414-2024-1-2499</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Low-Temperature Preservation of Cherries</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Изучение пригодности к низкотемпературному консервированию плодов черешни</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3104-5100</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Гусейнова</surname>
       <given-names>Батуч Мухтаровна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Guseynova</surname>
       <given-names>Batuch M.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>batuch@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Мусаева</surname>
       <given-names>Рагима Теймуровна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Musaeva</surname>
       <given-names>Ragima T.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный аграрный научный центр Республики Дагестан</institution>
     <city>Махачкала</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Dagestan Agriculture Science Center</institution>
     <city>Makhachkala</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Дагестанский государственный аграрный университет имени М. М. Джамбулатова</institution>
     <city>Махачкала</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">M.M. Dzhambulatov Dagestan State Agricultural University</institution>
     <city>Makhachkala</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-28T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>28</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-28T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>28</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>54</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>178</fpage>
   <lpage>190</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-02T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>02</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-11-07T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>07</day>
     <month>11</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22328/22383/">https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22328/22383/</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Плоды черешни (Prunus avium L.) ценятся за вкусовые и питательные свойства, но относятся к скоропортящимся продуктам. В связи с этим разработка технологии низкотемпературного консервирования черешни без большого изменения ее полезных свойств является актуальной задачей. Цель исследования – экспериментальное обоснование оптимальных способов и режимов замораживания черешни, а также сроков ее холодильного хранения и выявление наиболее пригодных сортов для низкотемпературного консервирования.&#13;
Объектами исследования являлись плоды черешни 8 сортов, выращиваемых в северно-предгорной зоне Дагестана. Опытные образцы плодов черешни изучались в свежем виде, замороженные погружением в жидкий хладоноситель (водно-спиртово-сахарный раствор в соотношении 65:20:15) при температуре –24 °С и россыпью в воздушной среде при температурах –30, –33 и –35 °С, а затем после хранения при –22 °С в течении 3, 9 и 12 месяцев. Содержание пищевых веществ в плодах определяли методами химического анализа, потерю сока дефростированными плодами оценивали по разности массы замороженных и размороженных плодов. Дегустационную оценку проводили по 5-балльной шкале. &#13;
Наилучшая сохранность пищевых веществ в черешне наблюдалась после заморозки в воздушной среде при –35 °С, а наихудшая при –30 °С. Снижение содержания нутриентов в черешне после заморозки россыпью в воздушной среде при температуре –33 °С и погружением в жидкий хладоноситель при –24 °С, по сравнению с замораживанием в воздушной среде при –35 °С, составило 4,2–5,4 %. В плодах, замороженных в воздушной среде, после 12 месяцев хранения при –22 °С витамин С сохранился на 77,5–81,6 %, пектиновые вещества на 83,7–89,0 %, антоцианы на 85,1–88,5 %, сахара на 81,4–86,4 %. В плодах, замороженных погружением в жидкий хладоноситель, после 12 месяцев хранения витамин С сохранился на 75,9–79,0 %, пектиновые вещества на 84,4–88,2 %, антоцианы на 83,8–87,5 %, сахара на 80,3–84,7 %.  Наиболее пригодными для 12 месячного срока хранения оказались плоды сортов Лезгинка, Дагестанка и Валерий Чкалов, которые отличались минимальными изменениями показателей качества в цикле замораживание – хранение – размораживание. Черешню сортов Буйнакская черная, Крупноплодная и Полянка рекомендуется хранить до 9 месяцев, а Жемчужная и Гудзон не более 3 месяцев. &#13;
Замораживание плодов черешни россыпью в воздушной среде при температуре –33 °С и погружением в жидкий хладоноситель при температуре –24 °С сохраняет их физико-химические свойства после 3, 9 и 12 месяцев хранения при температуре –22 °С. Результаты исследования расширили информацию о низкотемпературном консервировании черешни и ее полезных для здоровья свойствах.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Cherries (Prunus avium L.) are valued for their taste and nutritional properties. However, they are highly perishable. A low-temperature preservation technology can preserve cherries without spoiling their beneficial properties. This research experimentally substantiated the optimal methods and modes of freezing cherries, defined their refrigerated shelf-life, and identified varieties for low-temperature preservation.&#13;
The study featured cherries of eight varieties grown in the northern foothills of Dagestan. Fresh cherries served as control. Some cherries were frozen by immersion in a liquid solution of water, alcohol, and sugar (65:20:15) at –24°C. Others were frozen in bulk in air at –30, –33, and –35°C to be stored at –22°C for 3, 9, and 12 months. The nutritional profile was determined by standard methods of chemical analysis. The amount of juice lost during defrosting was assessed by the difference in weight before and after defrosting. The sensory evaluation involved a five-point scale.&#13;
The best nutritional profile belonged to the sample frozen in air at –35°C while the worst result was observed in the cherries frozen at –30°C. The cherries frozen in bulk in air at –33°C and those immersed in liquid coolant at –24°C demonstrated a poorer nutritional content (by 4.2–5.4%) than the sample frozen in air at –35°C. The sample frozen in air preserved 77.5–81.6% vitamin C, 83.7–89.0% pectin substances, 85.1–88.5% anthocyanins, and 81.4–86.4% sugar after 12 months of storage at –22°C. The sample frozen in liquid coolant retained 75.9–79.0% vitamin C, 84.4–88.2% pectin substances, 83.8–87.5% anthocyanins, and 80.3–84.7% sugar after 12 months of storage. The cherries of the Lezginka, Dagestanka, and Valery Chkalov varieties showed minimal changes after 12 months. The varieties of Buynakskaya, Krupnoplodnaya, and Polyanka could be recommended for nine-month storage. The varieties of Zhemchuzhnaya and Gudzon lost consumer attractiveness as early as after 3 months.&#13;
When frozen in bulk in air at –33°C and immersed in liquid coolant at –24°C, the cherries preserved their physicochemical properties after 3, 9, and 12 months of storage at –22°C. The study expanded the existing data about low-temperature preservation of cherries and their health benefits.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>Prunus avium L.</kwd>
    <kwd>плодовые культуры</kwd>
    <kwd>низкотемпературное консервирование</kwd>
    <kwd>замораживание</kwd>
    <kwd>холодильное хранение</kwd>
    <kwd>сокоудерживающая способность</kwd>
    <kwd>биохимический состав</kwd>
    <kwd>к ачество</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Prunus avium L.</kwd>
    <kwd>fruit crops</kwd>
    <kwd>low-temperature canning</kwd>
    <kwd>freezing</kwd>
    <kwd>cold storage</kwd>
    <kwd>juice holding capacity</kwd>
    <kwd>biochemical composition</kwd>
    <kwd>quality</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания, согласно тематическому плану Федераль- ного аграрного научного центра Республики Дагестан (ФАНЦ РД), по теме FNMN-2022-0009 «Создание новых сортообразцов плодовых культур, адаптированных к стрессовым факторам среды, разработка и освоение экологически безопасных и конкурентоспособных систем производства и переработки плодов, о вощей и картофеля» (№ 122022400196-7).</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was part of state assignment to the Dagestan Agriculture Science Center (DASC), research topic FNMN-2022-0009: New stress-adapted fruits: sustainable and competitive production and processing of fruits, vegetables, and potatoes (No. 122022400196-7).</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
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