<p>The Novokuznetsk agglomeration is peculiar in that the towns (settlements) within the agglomeration are all monotowns, and the main development problem of monotowns is economy modernization according to the innovative development model. In this regard, it is important to research the benefits of agglomeration for the solution of modernization problems of the constituent monotowns. The current research features the problem from the position of the economy-sociological approach. The subject of the study is the combination of living conditions and quality of life of the population in the metropolitan area as a necessary prerequisite to ensure the modernization of qualified personnel. Assessment of social welfare was provided by a questionnaire survey among the residents of the Novokuznetsk agglomeration (N=1023), who acted as experts. A systematic analysis of the survey results shows that the conditions and life quality among the population of the metropolitan area can be characterized as contradictory. On the one hand, agglomeration system provides for the most important needs of the population; a large part of the population displays a positive attitude for the future, local identity and involvement in various forms of socially useful activities. On the other hand, the quality characteristics and living conditions are mainly applied to an average value. This means that these factors do not attract qualified specialists, capable to solve innovative challenges of modernization. The results of the study can be of practical interest for local authorities and heads of the enterprises in monotowns. The problems of modernization cannot be solved unless the quality of life is improved, the needs of the population are provided for and the residential attractiveness of the territory is increased.</p>