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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Food Processing: Techniques and Technology</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Food Processing: Techniques and Technology</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Техника и технология пищевых производств</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2074-9414</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2313-1748</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">100793</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21603/2074-9414-2025-2-2579</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Isolating Bacterial DNA from Goat Milk and Its Products: Comparative Analysis</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Сравнительный анализ методов выделения бактериальной ДНК из козьего молока и продуктов на его основе</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1491-7423</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Коваль</surname>
       <given-names>Дарья Дмитриевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Koval</surname>
       <given-names>Daria D.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>d_koval@vnimi.org</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6106-6088</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Хан</surname>
       <given-names>Алексей Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Khan</surname>
       <given-names>Aleksej V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8069-9661</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Лазарева</surname>
       <given-names>Екатерина Германовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Lazareva</surname>
       <given-names>Ekaterina G.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7852-3790</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Фоменко</surname>
       <given-names>Олег Юрьевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Fomenko</surname>
       <given-names>Oleg Yu.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат биологических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of sciences in biology;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт молочной промышленности</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Dairy Research Institute</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт молочной промышленности</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Dairy Research Institute</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт молочной промышленности</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Dairy Research Institute</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт молочной промышленности</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Dairy Research Institute</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-23T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>23</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-23T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>23</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>55</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>390</fpage>
   <lpage>399</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-27T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>27</day>
     <month>02</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-01T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>01</day>
     <month>04</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://fptt.ru/en/issues/23587/23651/">https://fptt.ru/en/issues/23587/23651/</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Несмотря на востребованность в молекулярной диагностике, выделение бактериальной ДНК из молочных продуктов остается малоизученной областью. Актуальность работы обусловлена необходимостью оценки эффективности методов экстракции ДНК для обнаружения микроорганизмов в пищевых матрицах. Цель исследования – провести сравнительный анализ методов экстракции бактериальной ДНК из козьего молока и продуктов его переработки. &#13;
Объекты исследования – сырое, пастеризованное и сухое козье молоко, а также кисломолочный продукт на йогуртовой закваске (йогурт) и сыр на основе козьего молока. Нуклеиновые кислоты из молока и молочных продуктов выделяли с использованием 5 коммерчески доступных наборов, основанных на применении кремнеземного сорбента (ДНК-Сорб-С-М), солевого осаждения нуклеиновых кислот (ДНК-Экстран-2), спин-колонок с кремниевым фильтром (К-Сорб), магнитных частиц (ГМО-МагноСорб), комбинации фенол-хлороформной экстракции и кремниевого сорбента (Сорб-ГМО-Б). Анализ концентрации и чистоты препаратов ДНК проводили флуори- и спектрометрическим методами. Выделенная суммарная ДНК использовалась в качестве матрицы для амплификации фрагментов бактериальных генов 16S рРНК.&#13;
Все наборы эффективно выделяли бактериальную ДНК из молочных продуктов, за исключением образцов сухого молока. Возможно, отсутствие амплификации в данных образцах было связано с технологическими особенностями производства или деградацией ДНК во время экстракции. Лучшие результаты показал метод с фенол-хлороформной экстракцией и кремниевым сорбентом, особенно для сложных матриц. Метод с кремнеземным сорбентом без органических растворителей занял второе место по эффективности. Анализ выхода и чистоты бактериальной ДНК, полученной различными методами экстракции, показал, что не все из них оказывались эффективными при работе с молочными матрицами.&#13;
Проведенные исследования позволили заключить, что наиболее продуктивным и универсальным методом экстракции ДНК из козьего молока и продуктов его переработки оказался метод фенол-хлороформной экстракции с адсорбцией на кремниевом сорбенте. Эффективность использования любого протокола может быть улучшена путем его адаптации к особенностям анализируемого продукта с учетом его вязкости, плотности, содержания бактериальных клеток, наличия или отсутствия сложных белковых, экзополисахаридных или жировых матриц, в которых заключены микроорганизмы и т. д.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Despite its high demand in molecular diagnostics, the bacterial DNA extraction from dairy products remains an understudied area. The effectiveness of different DNA extraction methods for detecting microorganisms in food matrices needs a comprehensive comparative analysis. The article introduces a comparative analysis of bacterial DNA extraction methods from goat milk and its products.&#13;
The research included samples of raw, pasteurized, and powdered goat milk, as well as a goat milk yogurt and a goat milk cheese. The nucleic acid tests relied on five commercially available kits based on 1) a silica sorbent (DNA-Sorb-S-M), 2) salt precipitation of nucleic acids (DNA-Extran-2), 3) spin columns with a silica filter (K-Sorb), 4) magnetic particles (GMO-MagnoSorb), 5) a combination of phenol-chloroform extraction and silica sorbent (Sorb-GMO-B). The concentration and purity of DNA preparations were analyzed using standard fluo- and spectrometric methods. The isolated total DNA was used as a template for amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments.&#13;
All kits were able to isolate bacterial DNA from all samples but goat milk powder, where the lack of amplification could be due to some technological production features or DNA degradation during extraction. The best results belonged to the method that combined phenol-chloroform extraction and silicon sorbent, especially for complex matrices. The method with silica sorbent without organic solvents was second in efficiency. The analysis of the yield and purity of bacterial DNA showed that some methods were less effective with milk matrices.&#13;
The method of phenol-chloroform extraction with adsorption on a silicon sorbent proved to be the most productive and universal method for extracting DNA from goat milk and its products. However, other protocols could be calibrated for specific viscosity, density, bacterial cell count, complex protein profile, exopolysaccharide/fat matrices of microbial encapsulation, etc.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>Молекулярно-генетические методы</kwd>
    <kwd>ПЦР</kwd>
    <kwd>методы выделения ДНК</kwd>
    <kwd>нуклеиновая кислота</kwd>
    <kwd>молочные продукты</kwd>
    <kwd>козье молоко</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Molecular genetic methods</kwd>
    <kwd>PCR</kwd>
    <kwd>DNA extraction methods</kwd>
    <kwd>nucleic acid</kwd>
    <kwd>dairy products</kwd>
    <kwd>goat milk</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа проведена за счет средств субсидии на выполнение государственного задания по направлению FNSS-2025-0002 «Развить методологические основы мониторинга молочной продукции с элементами кластеризационной идентификации, формирующей гибкую аналитическую систему оценки в условиях глобальной прослеживаемости» на базе ФГАНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт молочной промышленности».</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out using subsidies for the implementation of the State Assignment FNSS-2025-0002 “Development of methodological foundations of dairy product monitoring with elements of clustering identification, forming a flexible analytical evaluation system under conditions of global traceability” on the basis of All-Russian Dairy Research Institute .</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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