Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 72957 10.21603/2074-9414-2023-4-2473 ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ ORIGINAL ARTICLE ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Dairy Production in the Chuvash Republic: Success Factor Analysis Основные факторы успеха молочного производства в Чувашской Республике https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6219-4363 Сурай Наталья Михайловна Suray Natalya M. natalya.mixajlovna.1979@mail.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8745-3181 Таточенко Александр Львович Tatochenko Alexander L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5707-9747 Красильникова Елена Анатольевна Krasil'nikova Elena A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4090-7577 Теплая Наила Алигасановна Teplaia Naila A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9419-1906 Михалев Алексей Петрович Mikhalev Alexey P.

кандидат химических наук;

candidate of chemical sciences;

 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8852-1385 Жданова Галина Владимировна Zhdanova Galina V. Российский экономический университет имени Г. В. Плеханова Москва Россия Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Moscow Russian Federation Институт государственного администрирования Москва Россия Institute of Public Administration Moscow Russian Federation Российский экономический университет имени Г. В. Плеханова Москва Россия Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Moscow Russian Federation Московский государственный университет технологий и управления имени К. Г. Разумовского (Первый казачий университет) Москва Россия K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University) Moscow Russian Federation Московский государственный университет технологий и управления имени К. Г. Разумовского (ПКУ) Москва Россия K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University) Moscow Russian Federation Московский государственный университет технологий и управления имени К. Г. Разумовского (Первый казачий университет) Москва Россия K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Ma nagement (the First Cossack University) Moscow Russian Federation 30 12 2023 30 12 2023 53 4 718 730 24 01 2023 07 03 2023 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22269/22229/

Душевое потребление молока в России отстает от рекомендуемой Минздравом рациональной нормы (325 кг) более чем на четверть. В Чувашской Республике производится 373 кг молока на душу населения, что на 71 % превышает общероссийский показатель. Цель исследования заключалась в анализе факторов успеха молочной отрасли данного региона. Объектами исследования являлись демографическая ситуация в Чувашской Республике, характеристика молочного стада и показатели деятельности отраслевых предприятий. Использовали методы систематизации и обобщения, группировки, статистической обработки данных и анализа показателей динамики временных рядов. Чувашская Республика характеризуется высоким процентом сельского населения и большим количеством молочных подсобных хозяйств, в которых содержится 60 % молочного стада. Ведущие региональные предприятия – производители молока – развились в агропромышленные холдинги, которые имеют племенные стада, обеспечиваемые экологически чистыми кормами и выращиваемые на собственных землях. Поэтому у трети предприятий показатели молочной продуктивности сравнимы с лучшими результатам производителей Евросоюза, а большая часть производимого в Чувашии молока близка по качеству к органической. Правительство региона реализует комплексную систему мер поддержки молочной отрасли: субсидии выделяются на содержание дойных коров, приобретение племенного скота, повышение объемов переработки в сезоны «большого молока» и пр. Успех молочной отрасли Чувашии обеспечивается благодаря высокому проценту сельского населения, значительному количеству дойных коров, содержащихся в личных подсобных хозяйствах, преобладанию племенного поголовья в молочном стаде, качественной кормовой базе, техническому оснащению предприятий по производству и переработке молока и комплексной системе мер государственной поддержки, оказываемой предприятиям, фермерским и личным подсобным хозяйствам региона.

The article discusses the dairy industry in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. The Russian Federation is experiencing a shortage of milk. Currently, the per capita milk consumption in the country is by more than a quarter behind the rational intake recommended by the Ministry of Health, which is 325 kg. However, the Chuvash Republic boasts 373 kg of per capita milk production, which is by 71% higher than the average data for the rest of the country, and the high quality of Chuvash milk is unanimously confirmed by leading domestic experts. The authors analyzed the success factors of milk production in the Chuvash Republic to be extrapolated on the entire domestic industry. The research relied on such demographic data as the ratio of urban vs. rural population; dairy herd data, e.g., livestock population, farm types, dairy productivity, etc.; dairy production and processing business data. The methods included systematization, generalization, grouping, statistical data processing, and analysis of temporal dynamics indicators. The Chuvash Republic has a large percentage of rural population and a lot of subsidiary dairy farms: 22 000 farms own more than 60% of dairy cows in the region and provide 55% of milk processing volumes. Subsidies allocated by the local government allow farm owners to ensure the high dairy productivity of cows. Most of the milk in the Chuvash Republic can be classified as near-organic. Leading regional milk producers have their own agricultural lands to provide environmentally friendly feed, as well as specialized premises for herd keeping and milking, retail outlets to sell their products, etc. A third of enterprises maintain the milk productivity at 7800–9200 kg, which is as high as in Denmark, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and Germany. Most Chuvash dairy farmers owe their high results to the state support funds allocated for the purchase of breeding cattle. The twelve largest milk producers in the region provide 100% of the output of drinking milk, so private farms mainly focus on meeting the needs of dairy processing enterprises. The latter also receive seasonal subsidies. The Chuvash milk miracle can be explained by the following factors: big rural population; private subsidiary farms; high-quality breeding dairy livestock; high-quality feed; good milk production and processing equipment. However, the comprehensive system of state support measures remains the most important success factor.

 Молоко качество агропромышленный комплекс производство потребление поголовье племенной скот Milk quality agro-industrial complex production consumption livestock breeding stock

Agarkova EYu, Ryazantseva KA, Kruchinin AG. Anti-diabetic activity of whey proteins. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2020;50(2):306-318. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2020-2-306-318 Agarkova EYu, Ryazantseva KA, Kruchinin AG. Anti-diabetic activity of whey proteins. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2020;50(2):306-318. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2020-2-306-318 Maytakov AL, Sarafanov AA. Plant- and whey-based sustainable technology: Development potential. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2020;50(2):261-272. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2020-2-261-272 Maytakov AL, Sarafanov AA. Plant- and whey-based sustainable technology: Development potential. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2020;50(2):261-272. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2020-2-261-272 Шилов А. И., Шилов О. А. Производство и потребление молока и молочных продуктов в России. Динамика и перспективы развития // Технология и товароведение инновационных пищевых продуктов. 2020. Т. 63. № 4. С. 116-119. https://elibrary.ru/ISKKCG Shilov AI, Shilov OA. The production and consumption of milk and dairy products in Russia. Development dynamics and prospects. Technology and Merchandising of the Innovative Foodstuff. 2020;63(4):116-119. (In Russ.). https://elibrary.ru/ISKKCG Shinkareva OV, Mayorova EA. Evaluation of the needs of Russia in the production of milk and dairy products to ensure rational personal consumption norms. Azimuth of Scientific Research: Economics and Administration. 2020;9(1):395-397. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.26140/anie-2020-0901-0099 Shinkareva OV, Mayorova EA. Evaluation of the needs of Russia in the production of milk and dairy products to ensure rational personal consumption norms. Azimuth of Scientific Research: Economics and Administration. 2020;9(1):395-397. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.26140/anie-2020-0901-0099 Kitaev YuA. Development trends of dairy cattle breeding in the Russian federation. Vestnik of Voronezh State Agrarian University. 2020;13(3):182-187. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17238/issn2071-2243.2020.3.182 Kitaev YuA. Development trends of dairy cattle breeding in the Russian federation. Vestnik of Voronezh State Agrarian University. 2020;13(3):182-187. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17238/issn2071-2243.2020.3.182 Suray NM, Mirgorodskaya MG, Kuraev AN, Burlankov PS, Melnikova YuV. Regional experience in supporting the development of agricultural consumer cooperation. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2022;52(1):13-31. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2022-1-13-31 Suray NM, Mirgorodskaya MG, Kuraev AN, Burlankov PS, Melnikova YuV. Regional experience in supporting the development of agricultural consumer cooperation. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2022;52(1):13-31. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2022-1-13-31 Кишкина Н. И., Филимонова Т. В. Современные возможности повышения качества молочной продукции // Молочная промышленность. 2022. № 9. С. 8-9. https://elibrary.ru/IFREXC Kishkina NI, Filimonova TV. Modern possibilities of improving the quality of dairy products. Dairy Industry. 2022;(9):8-9. (In Russ.). https://elibrary.ru/IFREXC Makeeva IA, Stratonova NV. Monitoring the quality of national dairy products. Dairy Industry. 2021;(1):28-29. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31515/1019-8946-2021-01-28-29 Makeeva IA, Stratonova NV. Monitoring the quality of national dairy products. Dairy Industry. 2021;(1):28-29. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31515/1019-8946-2021-01-28-29 The Best and the Worst Milk 2022 [Internet]. [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://rskrf.ru/news/luchshee-i-khudshee-moloko-2022-goda/?ysclid=lcqjujhh1o100248518 The Best and the Worst Milk 2022 [Internet]. [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://rskrf.ru/news/luchshee-i-khudshee-moloko-2022-goda/?ysclid=lcqjujhh1o100248518 Elemanova RSh. Seasonal changes in the protein composition of khainak milk. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2022;52(3):555-569. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2022-3-2381 Elemanova RSh. Seasonal changes in the protein composition of khainak milk. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2022;52(3):555-569. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2022-3-2381 Panasenko SV, Suray NM, Tatochenko AL, Rodinova NP, Ostroukhov VM. Sustainable raw material base as a factor of competitiveness of cheese-making enterprises. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2022;52(4):706-717. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2022-4-2400 Panasenko SV, Suray NM, Tatochenko AL, Rodinova NP, Ostroukhov VM. Sustainable raw material base as a factor of competitiveness of cheese-making enterprises. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2022;52(4):706-717. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2022-4-2400 Майоров А. А., Мусина О. Н. Эффективная переработка молока: скрытые возможности роста // Молочная промышленность. 2020. № 10. С. 6-10. https://elibrary.ru/QIIXNJ Mayorov AA, Musina ON. Efficient milk processing: hidden opportunities for growth. Dairy Industry. 2020;(10):6-10. (In Russ.). https://elibrary.ru/QIIXNJ Рыбалова Т. И. Молочная индустрия России в 2018 г. // Молочная промышленность. 2019. № 1. С. 4-9. https://elibrary.ru/PPKZGD Rybalova TI. The dairy industry of Russia in 2018. Dairy Industry. 2019;(1):4-9. (In Russ.). https://elibrary.ru/PPKZGD Panasenko SV, Surai NM, Tatochenko AL, Terekhova AA, Sidorova ES. Analysis of indicators of milk production in terms of ensuring food security in Russia. Dairy Industry. 2022;(5):43-48. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31515/1019-8946-2022-05-43-48 Panasenko SV, Surai NM, Tatochenko AL, Terekhova AA, Sidorova ES. Analysis of indicators of milk production in terms of ensuring food security in Russia. Dairy Industry. 2022;(5):43-48. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31515/1019-8946-2022-05-43-48 Производство молока в Российской Федерации в 2019 году (по данным Росстата) // Молочное и мясное скотоводство. 2020. № 3. С. 24-26. https://elibrary.ru/GKOAUH Milk production in the Russian Federation in 2019: Federal Service of State Statistics. Journal of Dairy and Beef Cattle Breeding. 2020;(3):24-26. (In Rus.). https://elibrary.ru/GKOAUH Kavas N. Yogurt-like product from lupine (Lupinus albus L.) milk as an alternative to dairy products. Foods and Raw Materials. 2022;10(2):377-385. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2022-2-546 Kavas N. Yogurt-like product from lupine (Lupinus albus L.) milk as an alternative to dairy products. Foods and Raw Materials. 2022;10(2):377-385. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2022-2-546 Ryabtseva SA, Tabakova YuA, Khramtsov AG, Anisimov GS, Kravtsov VA. Modelling formation and removal of biofilms in secondary dairy raw materials. Foods and Raw Materials. 2021;9(1):59-68. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2021-1-59-68 Ryabtseva SA, Tabakova YuA, Khramtsov AG, Anisimov GS, Kravtsov VA. Modelling formation and removal of biofilms in secondary dairy raw materials. Foods and Raw Materials. 2021;9(1):59-68. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2021-1-59-68 Ryazantseva KA, Agarkova EYu, Fedotova OB. Continuous hydrolysis of milk proteins in membrane reactors of various configurations. Foods and Raw Materials. 2021;9(2):271-281. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2021-2-271-281 Ryazantseva KA, Agarkova EYu, Fedotova OB. Continuous hydrolysis of milk proteins in membrane reactors of various configurations. Foods and Raw Materials. 2021;9(2):271-281. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2021-2-271-281 Karimi E, Yari M, Ghaneialvar H, Kazemi HR, Asadzadeh R, Aidy A, et al. Effects of dust phenomenon on heavy metals in raw milk in western Iran. Foods and Raw Materials. 2020;8(2):241-249. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-241-249 Karimi E, Yari M, Ghaneialvar H, Kazemi HR, Asadzadeh R, Aidy A, et al. Effects of dust phenomenon on heavy metals in raw milk in western Iran. Foods and Raw Materials. 2020;8(2):241-249. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-241-249 Молочная отрасль 2021 / А. С. Белов [и др.]. М.: Национальный союз производителей молока, 2021. 388 с. Belov AS, Voronin AA, Gruzdev AV, Zhebit MEh, Rozhkov RS, et al. Dairy Industry 2021. Moscow: Natsionalʹnyy soyuz proizvoditeley moloka; 2021. 388 p. (In Russ.). Социально-экономическое положение Приволжского федерального округа в 2021 году. М.: Росстат, 2022. 82 с. Socio-economic situation of the Volga Federal District in 2021. Moscow: Rosstat; 2022. 82 p. (In Russ.). Регионы России. Социально-экономические показатели. М.: Росстат, 2022. 1122 с. Socio-economic indicators in Russia’s regions. Moscow: Rosstat; 2022. 1122 p. (In Russ.). Итоги Всероссийской сельскохозяйственной переписи 2016 года. Том 5: Поголовье сельскохозяйственных животных. Кн. 2: Группировки объектов переписи по поголовью сельскохозяйственных животных. М.: Статистика России, 2018. 453 с. All-Russian Agricultural Census 2016. Volume 5: Farm livestock. Book 2: census by number of farm animals. Moscow: Statistika Rossii; 2018. 453 p. (In Russ.). Minakov IA. Trends and prospects for the development of dairy cattle breeding in small forms of management. Economy of Agricultural and Processing Enterprises. 2022;(1):43-48. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2022-0-1-43-48 Minakov IA. Trends and prospects for the development of dairy cattle breeding in small forms of management. Economy of Agricultural and Processing Enterprises. 2022;(1):43-48. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2022-0-1-43-48 Kaleev NV, Kuchin NN, Generalov IG. State subsidies in the dairy cattle breeding industry of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Economics of Agriculture of Russia. 2020;(11):52-56. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.32651/2011-52 Kaleev NV, Kuchin NN, Generalov IG. State subsidies in the dairy cattle breeding industry of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Economics of Agriculture of Russia. 2020;(11):52-56. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.32651/2011-52 Лещуков К. А. Российское органическое молоко - миф, реальность или новые возможности? // Аграрный вестник Урала. 2019. Т. 184. № 5. С. 48-53. https:/elibrary.ru/LQYPIR Leshchukov KA. Russian organic milk - myth, reality or new opportunities? Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2019;184(5):48-53. (In Russ.). https:/elibrary.ru/LQYPIR Дмитриева Е. Г., Мордвинова В. А., Иванова Н. В. Конкурс «Гарантия качества - 2021»: молочная продукция // Молочная промышленность. 2022. № 1. С. 40-42. https://elibrary.ru/VWOGYQ Dmitrieva EG, Mordvinova VA, Ivanova NV. Competition “Quality assurance - 2021”: Dairy products. Dairy Industry. 2022;(1):40-42. (In Russ.). https://elibrary.ru/VWOGYQ Brikach GE. The law of diminishing returns under increased milk production in the Republic of Belarus. Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice. 2020;19(3):586-594. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24891/ea.19.3.586 Brikach GE. The law of diminishing returns under increased milk production in the Republic of Belarus. Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice. 2020;19(3):586-594. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24891/ea.19.3.586 Svetlov NM. Sensitivity of Russia's agriculture to foreign trade policy. Economics of Agriculture of Russia. 2021;(9):17-22. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.32651/219-17 Svetlov NM. Sensitivity of Russia's agriculture to foreign trade policy. Economics of Agriculture of Russia. 2021;(9):17-22. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.32651/219-17 Konkina VS. External expansion of the dairy market: arguments “for” and “against”. Russian Economic Journal. 2022;(2):48-59. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2022-2-48-59 Konkina VS. External expansion of the dairy market: arguments “for” and “against”. Russian Economic Journal. 2022;(2):48-59. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2022-2-48-59 New state support for dairy farms to appear in Chuvashia [Internet]. [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://cap.ru/news/2022/01/26/dlya-predpriyatij-molochnoj-otrasli-chuvashii-poya?ysclid=ld1wgrtlix271213111 New state support for dairy farms to appear in Chuvashia [Internet]. [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://cap.ru/news/2022/01/26/dlya-predpriyatij-molochnoj-otrasli-chuvashii-poya?ysclid=ld1wgrtlix271213111