Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 104951 10.21603/2074-9414-2025-3-2585 ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ ORIGINAL ARTICLE ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Microalgae Scenedesmus as a Source of Pigments and Other Biologically Active Metabolites: Application Prospects and Problems Микроводоросли Scenedesmus как источник пигментов и других биологически активных метаболитов: перспективы и проблемы применения https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3875-8437 Чижова Алена Алексеевна Chizhova Alena A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4921-8997 Бабич Ольга Олеговна Babich Olga O. olich.43@mail.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0442-5471 Каширских Егор Владимирович Kashirskich Egor V. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4854-5459 Буденкова Екатерина Александровна Budenkova Ekaterina A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7333-8411 Дышлюк Любовь Сергеевна Dyshlyuk Lyubov S. Балтийский федеральный университет имени Иммануила Канта Калининград Россия Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Kaliningrad Russian Federation Балтийский федеральный университет имени Иммануила Канта Калининград Россия Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Kaliningrad Russian Federation Балтийский федеральный университет имени Иммануила Канта Калининград Россия Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Kaliningrad Russian Federation Балтийский федеральный университет имени Иммануила Канта Калининград Россия Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Kaliningrad Russian Federation Балтийский фед еральный университет имени Иммануила Канта Калининград Россия Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Kaliningrad Russian Federation 08 10 2025 08 10 2025 55 3 468 484 31 03 2025 01 07 2025 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/23788/23794/

Пищевые красители улучшают органолептические свойства продуктов, что повышает их привлекательность для потребителей. Однако использование синтетических красителей ассоциируется с потенциальными рисками для здоровья. В последние годы внимание исследователей привлекают натуральные пигменты микроводорослей (Scenedesmus), которые обеспечивают интенсивную окраску и обладают выраженной биологической активностью, включая хлорофиллы и каротиноиды. Цель обзора – систематизировать актуальную информацию о пигментном составе микроводорослей Scenedesmus; рассмотреть современные стратегии культивирования, обеспечивающие эффективный биосинтез их клетками пигментов; оценить перспективность использования пигментов Scenedesmus в качестве функциональных компонентов в пищевой и нутрицевтической промышленности; проанализировать текущие ограничения, препятствующие масштабированию производства пигментов на основе микроводорослей. Объекты исследования – научные публикации, посвященные изучению пигментов микроводорослей Scenedesmus, их биоактивных свойств и / или практического применения. Поиск научной литературы проводился за период 2015–2025 гг. с использованием международных баз данных: ScienceDirect (Scopus), Springer Link, MDPI и Google Scholar. Проведен отбор публикаций, извлечение и анализ данных. Результаты исследования показывают, что микроводоросли Scenedesmus накапливают значительное количество хлорофиллов (до 30,8 мг/г) и каротиноидов (до 98,0 мг/г). Каротиноидный профиль Scenedesmus характеризуется разнообразием соединений, среди которых коммерческое значение имеют лютеин (содержание до 10,7 мг/г), β-каротин (до 19,0 мг/г) и астаксантин (до 23,8 мг/г). Современные исследования демонстрируют широкий спектр биологической активности каротиноидных экстрактов Scenedesmus, включая противомикробное, антипролиферативное, гиполипидемическое и противодиабетическое действие. Благодаря этому пигменты Scenedesmus перспективны для применения в производстве функциональных продуктов питания и нутрицевтиков. Также рассмотрены различные стратегии культивирования, направленные на увеличение выхода пигментов в биомассе Scenedesmus. Выявлен ряд факторов, препятствующих успешной коммерциализации Scenedesmus для получения пигментов: значительная вариабельность состава пигментов в зависимости от штамма и условий культивирования, технические и экономические сложности масштабирования процессов культивирования и экстракции пигментов. Дальнейшие исследования необходимо фокусировать на комплексной оценке безопасности и биодоступности пигментов Scenedesmus, а также на разработке и оптимизации технологий промышленного культивирования Scenedesmus и эффективного извлечения целевых пигментов из биомассы.

Food dyes are widely used in the food industry to improve the sensory properties and consumer attractiveness of finished products. However, synthetic dyes are associated with potential health risks. Microalgae are known to produce natural pigments that provide intense coloring and possess various biological metabolites, e.g., chlorophylls and carotenoids. This article reviews available data on the pigment composition of Scenedesmus microalgae, including cultivation strategies, efficient pigment biosynthesis, prospects for the functional food and nutraceutical industries, and commercial limitations. The review covered scientific publications on Scenedesmus colorants, their bioactive properties, and / or practical application registered in ScienceDirect (Scopus), Springer Link, MDPI, and Google Scholar in 2015–2025. Scenedesmus microalgae accumulate significant amounts of chlorophylls (≤ 30.8 mg/g) and carotenoids (≤ 98.0 mg/g). The carotenoid profile of Scenedesmus consists of a variety of compounds, with such commercially important substances as lutein (≤ 10.7 mg/g), β-carotene (≤ 19.0 mg/g), and astaxanthin (≤ 23.8 mg/g). Scenedesmus carotenoid extracts possess antimicrobial, antiproliferative, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic properties. As a result, Scenedesmus pigments are promising components to be used in functional foods and nutraceuticals. Various cultivation strategies aim at increasing the pigment yield in Scenedesmus biomass. Two factors hinder the successful commercialization of Scenedesmus for pigment production: 1) pigment composition depends on the strain and cultivation conditions; 2) large-scale pigment cultivation and extraction are technically and economically complex. Further research is required to assess the safety and bioavailability of Scenedesmus pigments, as well as to improve industrial cultivation and extraction technologies.

 Микроводоросли Scenedesmus натуральные красители биоактивные соединения антиоксиданты каротиноиды хлорофилл ксантофиллы лютеин β-каротин Cultivation microalgae Scenedesmus natural colorants bioactive compounds antioxidants carotenoids chlorophyll xanthophylls lutein β-carotene Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ (соглашение № 075-15-2024-672 от 18.09.2024). The work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (agreement No. 075- 15-2024-672, September 18, 2024).

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