Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 100809 10.21603/2074-9414-2025-2-2567 ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ ORIGINAL ARTICLE ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Factors Affecting Extraction of Bioactive Substances from Plant Cell Cultures Основные факторы, влияющие на экстракцию биологически активных соединений из клеточных культур растений https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9546-6633 Ле Виолета Мироновна Le Violetta M. ya808@yandex.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-8859 Степанова Анна Александровна Stepanova Anna A. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3630-2826 Шевель Арина Андреевна Shevel Arina A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-2527 Ларичев Тимофей Альбертович Larichev Timothy A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9293-4377 Лузянин Сергей Леонидович Luzyanin Sergey L. Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation 23 06 2025 23 06 2025 55 2 439 453 20 03 2025 03 06 2025 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/23587/23669/

Экстракция считается начальным этапом в исследовании химического состава растительного материала. Сырые экстракты содержат биоактивные компоненты, широко используемые в фармацевтике, продуктах питания и пищевых добавках. Постоянно ведутся исследования по увеличению выхода биологически активных веществ из растительного сырья, в том числе и лекарственного, и по сокращению времени экстракции. Метод экстрагирования подбирают в зависимости от целевых веществ, которые необходимо извлечь, вида растительного сырья и строения его клеток. Оптимальные условия проведения процесса определяются в ходе эксперимента индивидуально для каждого вида растения. Цель данного исследования – выявление и оптимизация основных факторов экстракции биологически активных соединений из клеточных культур лекарственных растений с учетом технологических ограничений, обусловленных структурой и внутренним строением обрабатываемого объекта. Оптимизация процесса проводилась с помощью метода планирования эксперимента. Исследуемые образцы – клеточные культуры Ginkgo biloba L., Pulmonaria officinalis L., Filipendula ulmaria L., Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Переменными для изучения оптимальных значений параметров экстракции являлись концентрация этилового спирта, температура и время экстракции. Для всех полученных экстрактов определяли оптическую плотность растворов с помощью спектрофотометрического анализа. Выполняли полный факторный эксперимент с тремя вариабельными параметрами. Дисперсионный анализ использовали для проверки соответствия математической модели, описывающей зависимость значений количества флавоноидов от основных параметров экстракции. С помощью метода планирования эксперимента были проведены исследования, направленные на оптимизацию основных факторов экстракции биологически активных соединений из растительных клеточных культур лекарственных растений. Объемная доля растворителя – один из выявленных параметров, обеспечивающий максимально полный выход биологически активных соединений из клеточных культур растений, оказалась одинаковой для всех образцов – 70 % этиловый спирт. Оптимальное время и температура экстракции для каллусных культур Filipendula ulmaria L. и Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi равны 5 ч и 35 °С соответственно. Самыми экономическими выгодными параметрами экстракции являлись значения времени и температуры экстрактов для каллусных культур Pulmonaria officinalis L.: 2 ч, 30 °С. Для экстрагирования БАВ из экстрактов культур Ginkgo biloba L. оптимальными параметрами определили 6 ч и 55 °С. Установлены параметры экстрагирования биологически активных соединений из клеточных культур растений, обеспечивающих максимальное извлечение флавоноидов. Результаты эксперимента могут быть использованы в дальнейших исследованиях.

Extraction is the initial stage in the study of the chemical composition of plant material. Crude extracts contain bioactive components that can be used in pharmaceuticals, food products, and food additives. Advanced extraction methods produce more yield and consume less time. The choice of a perfect extraction method depends on the target substance, the type of plant material, and its cell structure. Optimal extraction conditions are determined experimentally for each plant species. In this research, we revealed the main extraction factors for cell cultures of medicinal plants, depending on the technological limitations caused by the internal structure of the raw material. The bioactive extraction procedure was optimized using the experimental planning method. The study featured cell cultures of Ginkgo biloba L., Pulmonaria officinalis L., Filipendula ulmaria L., and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. The variables to be studied during the extraction experiments included ethyl concentration, temperature, and time. All the extracts were tested for optical density using spectrophotometry, with a full factorial experiment with three variable parameters. The data obtained underwent the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to check the mathematical model that defined the correlation between the flavonoid yield and the main extraction parameters. Using the experimental planning method, we optimized the main factors that facilitated the extraction of bioactive compounds from medicinal plant cell cultures. The volume fraction of the solvent proved to be associated with the largest yield of bioactive compounds from the plant cell cultures. Its optimal amount was the same across the samples (70% ethyl alcohol). The optimal extraction time and temperature for callus cultures of Filipendula ulmaria L. and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi were 5 h and 35°C, respectively. The callus cultures of Pulmonaria officinalis L. demonstrated the most economically advantageous extraction parameters, i.e., 2 h and 30°C. The optimal extraction parameters for Ginkgo biloba L. were 6 h and 55°C. The study revealed the optimal parameters for the extraction of bioactive compounds from medicinal plant cell cultures with the maximal flavonoid yield. The results be used in further research.

 Лекарственные растения Ginkgo biloba L. Pulmonaria officinalis L. Filipendula ulmaria L. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi экстракция биологически активные соединения флавоноиды Medicinal plants Ginkgo biloba L. Pulmonaria officinalis L. Filipendula ulmaria L. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extraction biologically active compounds flavonoids Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания по теме «Разработка биологически активных добавок, состоящих из метаболитов растительных объектов in vitro, для защиты населения от преждевременного старения» (проект FZSR-2024-0008). The research was part of State Assignment on the Development of biologically active anti-aging additives from plant metabolites in vitro (project FZSR-2024-0008).

Матросова Ю. В., Овчинников А. А., Овчинникова Л. Ю., Брюханов Д. С., Ляпин О. А. и др. Использование в рационах кормления цыплят-бройлеров биологически активных веществ. Известия Оренбургского государственного аграрного университета. 2022. № 1. С. 287–289. https://doi.org/10.37670/2073-0853-2022-93-1-287-291 Matrosova YV, Ovchinnikov AA, Ovchinnikova LYu, Bryukhanov DS, Lyapin OA, et al. The use of biologically active substances in the feeding diets of broiler chickens. Izvestia Orenburg State Agrarian University. 2022;(1):287–289. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.37670/2073-0853-2022-93-1-287-291 Кузнецов Н. М. Использование биологически активных веществ из сока алоэ вера (áloё vera) для производства медицинских пластырей. Природные ресурсы Земли и охрана окружающей среды. 2022. Т. 3. № 2. С. 71–73. https://elibrary.ru/CGHAEW Kuznetsov NM. The use of biologically active substances from aloe vera (áloё vera) juice for the production of medical patches. Natural resources of the Earth and environmental protection. 2022;3(2):71–73. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/CGHAEW Кох Д. А., Кох Ж. А. Пектинсодержащий порошок из замороженных выжимок мелкоплодных яблок в производстве зернового хлеба. Ползуновский вестник. 2024. № 2. С. 118–123. https://doi.org/10.25712/ASTU.2072-8921.2024.02.015 Koch DA, Koch ZA. Pectin-containing powder from frozen pomace of small-fruited apples in grain bread production. Polzunovskiy vestnik. 2024;(2):118–123. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25712/ASTU.2072-8921.2024.02.015 Исмаилов В. Я., Пушня М. В., Родионова Е. Ю., Снесарева Е. Г. Разработка новых методов биологической защиты сои от основных вредителей: Сборник тезисов Краевой отчетной конф. грантодержателей Кубанского научного фонда. Сочи, 24–25 июня 2021 г. 2021. С. 148–150. https://elibrary.ru/PSQADF Ismailov VYa, Pushnya MV, Rodionova EYu, Snesareva EG. Development of new methods of biological protection of soybean against major pests: Proceedings of the Regional reporting conf. of grant holders of the Kuban Science Foundation, Sochi, June 24–25, 2021. 2021;148–150. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/PSQADF Alara OR, Abdurahman NH, Ukaegbu CI. Extraction of phenolic compounds: A review. Current Research in Food Science. 2021;4:200–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2021.03.011 Alara OR, Abdurahman NH, Ukaegbu CI. Extraction of phenolic compounds: A review. Current Research in Food Science. 2021;4:200–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2021.03.011 Grillo G, Boffa L, Binello A, Mantegna S, Cravotto G, et al. Cocoa bean shell waste valorisation; extraction from lab to pilot-scale cavitational reactors. Food Research International. 2019;115:200–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.057 Grillo G, Boffa L, Binello A, Mantegna S, Cravotto G, et al. Cocoa bean shell waste valorisation; extraction from lab to pilot-scale cavitational reactors. Food Research International. 2019;115:200–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.057 Титова Л. М., Алексанян И. Ю. Исследование кинетики процесса экстрагирования в технологии комплексной переработки цитрусовых. Вестник Астраханского государственного технического университета. 2013. № 1. С. 35–38. https://elibrary.ru/QAHLSH Titova LM, Aleksanyan IYu. Study of kinetics in the process of extraction technology of complex citrus fruits processing. Vestnik of Astrakhan state technical university. 2013;(1):35–38. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/QAHLSH Abubakar A, Haque M. Preparation of medicinal plants: Basic extraction and fractionation procedures for experimental purposes. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. 2020;12(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_175_19 Abubakar A, Haque M. Preparation of medicinal plants: Basic extraction and fractionation procedures for experimental purposes. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. 2020;12(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_175_19 Ingle KP, Deshmukh AG, Padole DA, Dudhare MS, Moharil MP, et al. Phytochemicals: Extraction methods, identification, and detection of bioactive compounds from plant extracts. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2017;6(1):32–36. Ingle KP, Deshmukh AG, Padole DA, Dudhare MS, Moharil MP, et al. Phytochemicals: Extraction methods, identification, and detection of bioactive compounds from plant extracts. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2017;6(1):32–36. Azwanida NN. A review on the extraction methods use in medicinal plants, principle, strength, and limitation. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 2015;4(3):1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-0412.1000196 Azwanida NN. A review on the extraction methods use in medicinal plants, principle, strength, and limitation. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 2015;4(3):1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-0412.1000196 Pandey A, Tripathi S. Concept of standardization, extraction and pre phytochemical screening strategies for herbal drug. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2014;2(5):115–119. Pandey A, Tripathi S. Concept of standardization, extraction and pre phytochemical screening strategies for herbal drug. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2014;2(5):115–119. Chávez-González ML, Sepúlveda L, Verma DK, Luna-García HA, Rodríguez-Durán LV, et al. Conventional and emerging extraction processes of flavonoids. Processes. 2020;8(4):434. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8040434 Chávez-González ML, Sepúlveda L, Verma DK, Luna-García HA, Rodríguez-Durán LV, et al. Conventional and emerging extraction processes of flavonoids. Processes. 2020;8(4):434. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8040434 Sanz V, Flórez-Fernández N, Domínguez H, Torres MD. Clean technologies applied to the recovery of bioactive extracts from Camellia sinensis leaves agricultural wastes. Food and Bioproducts Processing. 2020;122:214–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2020.05.007 Sanz V, Flórez-Fernández N, Domínguez H, Torres MD. Clean technologies applied to the recovery of bioactive extracts from Camellia sinensis leaves agricultural wastes. Food and Bioproducts Processing. 2020;122:214–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2020.05.007 Motikar PD, More PR, Arya SS. A novel, green environment-friendly cloud point extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peels: A comparative assessment with ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction. Separation Science and Technology. 2021;56(6):1014–1025. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2020.1746969 Motikar PD, More PR, Arya SS. A novel, green environment-friendly cloud point extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peels: A comparative assessment with ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction. Separation Science and Technology. 2021;56(6):1014–1025. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2020.1746969 Petrotos K, Giavasis I, Gerasopoulos K, Mitsagga C, Papaioannou C, et al. Optimization of vacuum-microwave-assisted extraction of natural polyphenols and flavonoids from raw solid waste of the orange juice producing industry at industrial scale. Molecules. 2021;26(1):246. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010246 Petrotos K, Giavasis I, Gerasopoulos K, Mitsagga C, Papaioannou C, et al. Optimization of vacuum-microwave-assisted extraction of natural polyphenols and flavonoids from raw solid waste of the orange juice producing industry at industrial scale. Molecules. 2021;26(1):246. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010246 Trujillo-Mayol I, Céspedes-Acuña C, Silva FL, Alarcón-Enos J. Improvement of the polyphenol extraction from avocado peel by assisted ultrasound and microwaves. Journal of Food Process Engineering. 2019;42(6):e13197. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.13197 Trujillo-Mayol I, Céspedes-Acuña C, Silva FL, Alarcón-Enos J. Improvement of the polyphenol extraction from avocado peel by assisted ultrasound and microwaves. Journal of Food Process Engineering. 2019;42(6):e13197. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.13197 Rodríguez De Luna SL, Ramírez-Garza RE, Serna Saldívar SO. Environmentally friendly methods for flavonoid extraction from plant material: Impact of their operating conditions on yield and antioxidant properties. The Scientific World Journal. 2020;2020:6792069. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6792069 Rodríguez De Luna SL, Ramírez-Garza RE, Serna Saldívar SO. Environmentally friendly methods for flavonoid extraction from plant material: Impact of their operating conditions on yield and antioxidant properties. The Scientific World Journal. 2020;2020:6792069. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6792069 Majekodunmi SO. Review of extraction of medicinal plants for pharmaceutical research. Merit Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. 2015;3(11):521–527. Majekodunmi SO. Review of extraction of medicinal plants for pharmaceutical research. Merit Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. 2015;3(11):521–527. Hossain MA, Al-Hdhrami SS, Weli AM, Al-Riyami Q, Al-Sabahi JN. Isolation, fractionation and identification of chemical constituents from the leaves crude extracts of Mentha piperita L grown in sultanate of Oman. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2014;4(Suppl. 1):S368–S372. https://doi.org/10.12980/APJTB.4.2014C1051 Hossain MA, Al-Hdhrami SS, Weli AM, Al-Riyami Q, Al-Sabahi JN. Isolation, fractionation and identification of chemical constituents from the leaves crude extracts of Mentha piperita L grown in sultanate of Oman. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2014;4(Suppl. 1):S368–S372. https://doi.org/10.12980/APJTB.4.2014C1051 Chemat F, Rombaut N, Sicaire AG, Meullemiestre A, Fabiano-Tixier AS, et al. Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2017;34:540–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.06.035 Chemat F, Rombaut N, Sicaire AG, Meullemiestre A, Fabiano-Tixier AS, et al. Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2017;34:540–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.06.035 Gil-Martín E, Forbes-Hernández T, Romero A, Cianciosi D, Giampieri F, et al. Influence of the extraction method on the recovery of bioactive phenolic compounds from food industry by-products. Food Chemistry. 2022;378:131918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131918 Gil-Martín E, Forbes-Hernández T, Romero A, Cianciosi D, Giampieri F, et al. Influence of the extraction method on the recovery of bioactive phenolic compounds from food industry by-products. Food Chemistry. 2022;378:131918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131918 Chel-Guerrero LD, Oney-Montalvo JE, Rodríguez-Buenfil IM. Phytochemical characterization of by-products of habanero pepper grown in two different types of soils from Yucatán, Mexico. Plants. 2021;10(4):779. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040779 Chel-Guerrero LD, Oney-Montalvo JE, Rodríguez-Buenfil IM. Phytochemical characterization of by-products of habanero pepper grown in two different types of soils from Yucatán, Mexico. Plants. 2021;10(4):779. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040779 Велямов Ш. М., Велямов М. Т., Уразбаев Ж. З., Бакытжан Т. Н., Абитбекова А. У. Функциональные компоненты питания: технология получения концентрата, содержащего ликопин, из томатного сырья. FOOD METAENGINEERING. 2025. Т. 3. № 1. С. 33–41. https://doi.org/10.37442/fme.2025.1.77 Velyamov ShM, Velyamov MT, Urazbayev ZhZ, Bakytzhan TN, Abitbekova AU. Functional components in nutrition: Technology for producing a lycopene-containing concentrate from tomato raw materials. FOOD METAENGINEERING. 2025;3(1):33–41. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.37442/fme.2025.1.77 Toro-Uribe S, Ibañez E, Decker EA, Villamizar-Jaimes AR, López-Giraldo LJ. Food-safe process for high recovery of flavonoids from cocoa beans: Antioxidant and HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Antioxidants. 2020;9(5):364. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050364 Toro-Uribe S, Ibañez E, Decker EA, Villamizar-Jaimes AR, López-Giraldo LJ. Food-safe process for high recovery of flavonoids from cocoa beans: Antioxidant and HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Antioxidants. 2020;9(5):364. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050364 Cassol L, Rodrigues E, Noreña CPZ. Extracting phenolic compounds from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyx using microwave assisted extraction. Industrial Crops and Products. 2019;133:168–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.03.023 Cassol L, Rodrigues E, Noreña CPZ. Extracting phenolic compounds from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyx using microwave assisted extraction. Industrial Crops and Products. 2019;133:168–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.03.023 Arboleda Meija JA, Parpinello GP, Versari A, Conidi C, Cassano A. Microwave-assisted extraction and membrane-based separation of biophenols from red wine lees. Food and Bioproducts Processing. 2019;117:74–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2019.06.020 Arboleda Meija JA, Parpinello GP, Versari A, Conidi C, Cassano A. Microwave-assisted extraction and membrane-based separation of biophenols from red wine lees. Food and Bioproducts Processing. 2019;117:74–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2019.06.020 Gerardi C, D'amico L, Migoni D, Santino A, Salomone A, et al. Strategies for reuse of skins separated from grape pomace as ingredient of functional beverages. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2020;8:645. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00645 Gerardi C, D'amico L, Migoni D, Santino A, Salomone A, et al. Strategies for reuse of skins separated from grape pomace as ingredient of functional beverages. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2020;8:645. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00645 Chaves JO, de Souza MC, da Silva LC, Lachos-Perez D, Torres-Mayanga PC, et al. Extraction of flavonoids from natural sources using modern techniques. Frontiers in Chemistry. 2020;8:507887. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.507887 Chaves JO, de Souza MC, da Silva LC, Lachos-Perez D, Torres-Mayanga PC, et al. Extraction of flavonoids from natural sources using modern techniques. Frontiers in Chemistry. 2020;8:507887. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.507887 Dzah CS, Duan Y, Zhang H, Wen C, Zhang J, et al. The effects of ultrasound assisted extraction on yield, antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activity of polyphenol extracts: A review. Food Bioscience. 2020;35:100547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100547 Dzah CS, Duan Y, Zhang H, Wen C, Zhang J, et al. The effects of ultrasound assisted extraction on yield, antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activity of polyphenol extracts: A review. Food Bioscience. 2020;35:100547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100547 Skenderidis P, Leontopoulos S, Petrotos K, Giavasis I. Optimization of vacuum microwave-assisted extraction of pomegranate fruits peels by the evaluation of extracts' phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Foods. 2020;9(11):1655. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9111655 Skenderidis P, Leontopoulos S, Petrotos K, Giavasis I. Optimization of vacuum microwave-assisted extraction of pomegranate fruits peels by the evaluation of extracts' phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Foods. 2020;9(11):1655. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9111655 Nutter J, Fernandez MV, Jagus RJ, Agüero MV. Development of an aqueous ultrasound-assisted extraction process of bioactive compounds from beet leaves: A proposal for reducing losses and increasing biomass utilization. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2021;101(5):1989–1997. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10815 Nutter J, Fernandez MV, Jagus RJ, Agüero MV. Development of an aqueous ultrasound-assisted extraction process of bioactive compounds from beet leaves: A proposal for reducing losses and increasing biomass utilization. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2021;101(5):1989–1997. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10815 Кригер О. В., Шепель Е. И. Влияние способа получения экстрактов цветков бархатцев распростертых (Tagetes patula L.) на содержание биологически активных веществ и антимикробную активность. FOOD METAENGINEERING. 2024. Т. 2. № 2. С. 22–34. https://doi.org/10.37442/fme.2024.2.49 Kriger OV, Shepel EI. The effect of the preparation method on the content of biologically active substances and antimicrobial activity of extracts of marigold flowers (Tagetes patula L.). FOOD METAENGINEERING. 2024;2(2):22–34. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.37442/fme.2024.2.49 Le V, Sukhikh A, Larichev T, Ivanova S, Prosekov A, et al. Isolation of the main biologically active substances and phytochemical analysis of Ginkgo biloba callus culture extracts. Molecules. 2023;28(4):1560. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041560 Le V, Sukhikh A, Larichev T, Ivanova S, Prosekov A, et al. Isolation of the main biologically active substances and phytochemical analysis of Ginkgo biloba callus culture extracts. Molecules. 2023;28(4):1560. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041560 Noor-E-Tabassum, Das R, Lami MS, Chakraborty AJ, Mitra S, et al. Ginkgo biloba: A treasure of functional phytochemicals with multimedicinal applications. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2022;2022(1):8288818. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8288818 Noor-E-Tabassum, Das R, Lami MS, Chakraborty AJ, Mitra S, et al. Ginkgo biloba: A treasure of functional phytochemicals with multimedicinal applications. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2022;2022(1):8288818. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8288818 Krzyżanowska-Kowalczyk J, Kowalczyk M, Ponczek MB, Pecio Ł, Nowak P, et al. Pulmonaria obscura and Pulmonaria officinalis extracts as mitigators of peroxynitrite-induced oxidative stress and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors-in vitro and in silico studies. Molecules. 2021;26(3):631. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030631 Krzyżanowska-Kowalczyk J, Kowalczyk M, Ponczek MB, Pecio Ł, Nowak P, et al. Pulmonaria obscura and Pulmonaria officinalis extracts as mitigators of peroxynitrite-induced oxidative stress and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors-in vitro and in silico studies. Molecules. 2021;26(3):631. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030631 Dyshlyuk L, Vesnina AD, Dmitrieva AI, Kozlova OV, Prosekov AY. Optimization of parameters for obtaining callus, suspension, and root cultures of meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) to isolate the largest number of biologically active substances with geroprotective properties. Brazilian Journal of Biology. 2024;84:e257074. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.257074 Dyshlyuk L, Vesnina AD, Dmitrieva AI, Kozlova OV, Prosekov AY. Optimization of parameters for obtaining callus, suspension, and root cultures of meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) to isolate the largest number of biologically active substances with geroprotective properties. Brazilian Journal of Biology. 2024;84:e257074. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.257074 Sukhikh SA, Astakhova LA, Golubcova YuV, Lukin AA, Prosekova EA, et al. Rasshchepkin functional dairy products enriched with plant ingredients. Foods and Raw Materials. 2019;7(2):428–438. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2019-2-428-438 Sukhikh SA, Astakhova LA, Golubcova YuV, Lukin AA, Prosekova EA, et al. Rasshchepkin functional dairy products enriched with plant ingredients. Foods and Raw Materials. 2019;7(2):428–438. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2019-2-428-438 Milentyeva IS, Fedorova AM, Larichev TA, Altshuler OG. Biologically active compounds in Scutellaria baicalensis L. callus extract: Phytochemical analysis and isolation. Foods and Raw Materials. 2023;11(1):172–186. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-564 Milentyeva IS, Fedorova AM, Larichev TA, Altshuler OG. Biologically active compounds in Scutellaria baicalensis L. callus extract: Phytochemical analysis and isolation. Foods and Raw Materials. 2023;11(1):172–186. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-564 Vesnina AD, Milentyeva IS, Le VM, Fedorova AM, Altshuler OG, et al. Quercetin isolated from Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb. as a preventer of metabolic diseases. Foods and Raw Materials. 2025;13(1):192–201. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2025-1-633 Vesnina AD, Milentyeva IS, Le VM, Fedorova AM, Altshuler OG, et al. Quercetin isolated from Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb. as a preventer of metabolic diseases. Foods and Raw Materials. 2025;13(1):192–201. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2025-1-633 Bubalo MC, Vidović S, Radojčić IR, Jokić S. New perspective in extraction of plant biologically active compounds by green solvents. Food and Bioproducts Processing. 2018;109:52–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2018.03.001 Bubalo MC, Vidović S, Radojčić IR, Jokić S. New perspective in extraction of plant biologically active compounds by green solvents. Food and Bioproducts Processing. 2018;109:52–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2018.03.001 Андреева В. Ю., Калинкина Г. И., Полуэктова Т. В., Гуляева В. А. Сравнительное исследование фенольных соединений видов рода клевер (Trifolium L.) Флоры Сибири. Химия растительного сырья. 2017. № 1. С. 97–104. https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018011846 Andreeva VYu, Kalinkina GI, Poluektova TV, Guliaeva VA. The comparative study of phenolic compounds in Trifolium L. species in Siberia. Chemistry of plant raw material. 2017;(1):97–104. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018011846